MERCY OCEANS, Book 07 (Hidden Treasures, Shaykh Nazim, 220 pages, 12/12)
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is no god save the One True God, Allah Almighty, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; 2) To pray the ritual prayer (Salat) facing Makkah five times a day; 3) To fast the whole month of Ramadan, abstaining from all food, drink and carnal pleasures from the first crack of dawn until sunset; 4) To give one-fortieth of one’s wealth and prescribed portions of herds and harvests annually to the Muslim poor; 5) To make the pilgrimage to Makkah in the time of Haj at least once in a lifetime, provided one possesses the necessary material means.
JAHILIYYA
The time of ignorance; referring to the pre-Islamic era during which the Arabs lived in the darkness of. ignorance, worshipping idols and following their lusts and superstitions as there was a relative lack of knowledge of revealed religions such as the religion of the Jews or Christians. Although the followers of these religions were to be found in the Arabian Peninsula, they were concentrated in a few towns and were but small communities in comparison to the much larger numbers of idol worshipping folk.
JIBRIL
The Angel Gabriel; the Angel who is responsible for bringing down revelations to Allah’s Prophets and Messengers.
JIHAD
Holy war. It is the duty of all male able-bodied Muslims to answer the call of the Khalifa of the Muslims to go to war against anyone threatening the peace of the Muslims, preventing Muslims from practicing their religion or harming any people (of any religion) under the protection of the Muslim State. It is not permitted in Islam to fight against people who
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want to make peace with the Muslims, nor to be the aggressor in any case.
JIHAD UL-AKBAR
The Greater Holy War which is fought against one’s own lower self and is referred to by the Holy Prophet as the Greater Holy War because of its being of utmost importance for every Muslim. Without the believer gaining the upper hand over his lower self, he cannot hope to perfect his religion nor to be of any use to the community of believers; instead, he will deter people from the true way by his unconquered selfishness and tarnish the name of religion through the wrong actions he performs in the very name of faith — the implication is that Muslims should not even consider fighting against any other enemies of Islam until they conquer their greatest enemy, the greatest unbeliever — the ego.
JINN
Genie. The Qur’an is addressed to both mankind and jinn. The Jinn are made of smokeless fire, man from Earth and the Angels from light. As in the case of mankind, there are both believers and unbelievers found among the Jinn. Their bodies being subtler than man’s, they cannot be seen normally, however, they have been known to affect the lives of men in various ways.
KAABA
The Holy House of Allah in Makkah. Built in the shape of a cube, the Ka’bah was first erected by the Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael when Abraham was ordered to leave his wife Hajar and her son in that desolate valley. Allah provided them miraculously with water from the Zam-zam well and established them in the land. The Lord promised to bless the seed of Ishmael, and the fruit of that blessing was the sending of the Prophet Muhammad, who was from the seed of Ishmael. After the Ka’bah’s original consecration to the One True God by Abraham and his son, the people fell into idol worship for many generations until the time of Muhammad, when the Ka’bah was cleaned of idols and the worship of the
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One True God was re-established.
All Muslims face the direction of the Ka’bah in their prayers — not because they assume God to be living in it, as it has been supposed by malevolent or ignorant critics — rather that it be the central focal point towards which all Muslims, worldwide, turn their faces, in converging unity. When visiting the Ka’bah, Muslims perform the rite of circumambulation, in emulation of the Angels circumambulation of the Throne of Allah in the Heavens.
KAFIR (plural. KUFFAAR)
Whosever has come into contact with the true religion represented in its pure form by a Prophet or one by of their inheritors, and then consciously rejects that truth and persists in stubborn unbelief is said to be a Kafir.
KHALID AL-BAGHDADI (1190 — 1242 AH)
Born in Baghdad of a Kurdish family originally descended from the Khalifa ‘Uthman. He was a learned man in Islam who longed to find a true Murshid and left Baghdad for Damascus where he met his first Shaykh, Shaykh Mustafa of the Qadiri Tariqat. He continued on to Madinah and Makkah. From there he was directed by the Awliya to go on to India where he would find his true Master. After he returned to Baghdad, he met some murids of the Naqshbandi Shaykh ‘Abdullah Ad- Dehlawi, and was inspired to travel there to meet him. After staying some months with his Shaykh there, he was sent back to Baghdad to teach the way of the Tariqat. He later moved to Damascus where he trained many followers before he died of the plague. His tomb is located in the Jabal Akrad section of Jabal Qasiyun in Damascus. His famous work was Shams- Ush-Shumus (The Sun of Suns).
KHALWA
Spiritual seclusion – the “forty days in the hole’’. The intensive, often 40-day long period of training in the Sufi Tariqat during which the lower self is deprived of even the
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permitted enjoyments of normal Muslim life. During this time he must fight his ego with great courage and determination, as because of the removal of normal pleasures it raises its head in rebellion and gives the seeker intense difficulties. The Shaykh watches closely over the murid during this time and defines the exact activities which he must perform, for although all Khalwa involves fasting, absolute seclusion, increased prayer, remembrance and reduced sleep, there are differences dictated by the particular needs of the murid which are attended to by specific orders of the Shaykh. The first Khalwa is a training Khalwa, and only when the Shaykh sees that the murid is really ready to subdue his ego will he put him into a second and final Khalwa.
KHAWWAS (sing. KHASS)
The elect; the people who have the inborn capacity (Ahliyya) for the Most distinguished Naqshbandi Tariqat.
KHIDMAH
Service. The service which a humble murid should perform for his Shaykh, for all the followers of his Shaykh, for all Sons of Adam and all creatures of Allah.
KUFR Unbelief; rejection of truth. SEE “KAFIR”
LAYLATUL MI’RAJ
The night during which the Holy Prophet Muhammad, Peace be Upon Him, was taken by the Messenger Angel Gabriel on the back of the mystical steed Burraq, from The Holy Mosque of Makkah to the Holy Rock of Jerusalem and up from there to the Seven Heavens, in each of which he met and conversed with one of the Holy Prophets of Allah who came before him to this Earth (Adam, Noah, David, Moses, Abraham and Jesus). After reaching the top of the Seven Heavens he was taken to the utmost limit of Gabriel’s domain, then continued to the Divine Presence where he came within two bow-lengths of the
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Majestic and Most Exalted Creator of the Heavens and Earth.
MA’ANAWI ‘ULUM Spiritual Knowledges, Esoteric Science.
MAHDI See AL-MAHDI
MALAKOOT The Kingdom of Heaven; the Angelic Realms.
MANSUR AL-HALLAJ (244 — 309 AH)
Hallaj was born in Persia and then travelled widely throughout the Muslim World, boldly preaching of Union with God. He was finally arrested on the charge of heresy when he declared: “I am The Absolute Truth,” (Ana-l-Haqq). He was condemned to death, mutilated and crucified in public. Before he was executed fellow Sufis implored him to declare that, “He is the Truth.” His reply was: “Yes. He is All. You say that He is lost. On the contrary, it is Hallaj who is lost. The Ocean does not vanish nor grow less.” The famous Sufi Junayd was told of these words of Hallaj with the suggestion that the words had an esoteric meaning which proved that his meaning was other than the blasphemy which it seemed. Junayd replied, “Let him be killed, this is not the time for esoteric meanings.” His fellow Sufis never denied the reality of his mystical experience of Union, but only criticized him for revealing in public what amounted to a “private communion with the Beloved”. Junayd also maintained that Hallaj’s experience of Unity was only an intermediate stage of mystical experience, and not the ultimate goal.
MEVLANA KHALID See KHALID AL-BAGHDADI
MI’RAJ
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See LAYLATUL MIRAJ
MUFTI Official expounder of Islamic Law, a high level religious jurist licensed to pass religious edicts and verdicts.
MUHAMMAD
Muhammad, Son of ‘Abdullah, son of ‘Abdul Muttalib — The Messenger of Allah Almighty who was sent as a mercy unto the Worlds; the last of the Prophets and their leader — he for who’s sake Allah Almighty created the World, may Peace and the Blessings of Allah be upon him. He was born in the fifty-first year before Hijra (560 A.D.) and his father died before Muhammad was ever born. He grew up under the care of his uncle Abu Talib and worked as a shepherd and later as a trader. At the age of twenty-five he married a widow named Khadija who was fifteen years his older and remained married solely to her until her death twenty-six years later.
Muhammad never worshipped the idols that the ignorant Arabs had set up in and around the Holy House in Makkah which had been built and dedicated to the worship of the One True God by the Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael. Rather, Muhammad was one of the detached seekers of truth who were known as ‘Hunafa’, who were searching for the purity of the religion of Abraham, rejecting what they could recognize as obvious perversions in not only the cults of the pagan Arabs who were predominant in Arabia, but also in the much tampered with doctrines of the Jews and Christians. At the age of forty, Muhammad was in spiritual seclusion in the Cave of Hira when he was visited by the Angel Gabriel who ordered him to read. Muhammad replied that he did not know how to read or write, as he was unlettered; but the Angel squeezed his chest and repeated the order thrice: “Read, in the name of your Lord Who created; Created man from a clot of blood, Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous, for He is the One who taught man by the pen, taught man that which he did not know.” With these words the revelation of
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the Qur’an commenced, and for the following twenty-three years the Prophet continued to receive revelation through the Angel; the total of these revelations is contained in the Holy Qur’an which contains enough guidance, wisdom and instruction to lead the Muhammadan nation from that time on till the Last Day.
Thirteen years after the beginning of revelation, the Holy Prophet migrated from Makkah to Madinah along with his followers, when the pagan Arabs of Makkah threatened and tried to kill him. This event is called the Hijra, and it marks the beginning of the Islamic Calendar. After living for ten years in Madinah, a time in which all the Qur’anic verses dictating Islamic Law and social norms were revealed, and Islam had been established in an entire community as a living way of life, the Prophet passed on to the hands of his Creator. He passed away on the same date as he was born — the twelfth of the lunar month Rabi’ al-Awwal in the year 10 AH.
MUHASABA
Allah’s calling one to account for one’s actions on the Last Day; or the practice of calling one’s self to account in this life before the next.
MUHYUDDIN See SHEIKH MUHYUDDIN IBN ABABI
MURID
A follower who desires to learn the Sufi Way from a Shaykh (Murshid); One who submits himself to the care and the orders of a Sufi Shaykh.
MURSHID Guide, advisor, instructor. One who leads another to the right way. (Rushd). A Sufi Shaykh.
MUSLIM
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A person who has surrendered to Allah. See ISLAM.
NAFS
Self, ego. Three levels of Nafs are mentioned in the Holy Qur’an: 1) The Nafs-ul-Ammarah bis-Suu: the lower self that prompts one to evil and gratification of animal lust; 2) The Nafs-ul-Lawwamah: the awakening conscience, the self- accusing self; 3) The Nafs-ul-Mutma’inna: the tranquil self at peace, the God-realized self.
NAQSHBANDIYYA See SHAH NAQSHBAND
NASIHAT
Sincere advice. The Holy Prophet said: “Religion consists of sincere advice.”
NASRUDDIN HODJA
A legendary figure in Sufi history about whom there exist volumes upon volumes of comical teaching stories with a message. He is known as Mulla Nasruddin in the Persian speaking world and as Joha among the Arabs. He is supposedly buried in Aksehir, Turkey.
‘UMAR IBN-UL-KHATTAB (d. 23 AH)
The second of the Rightly Guided Khalifas of the Holy Prophet Muhammad. ‘Umar at first was an inveterate enemy of Islam and was on his way to kill the Prophet, but when he entered the Prophet’s chamber, belief in Islam and the Prophet’s mission came into his heart and he left a Muslim and a dedicated follower of Muhammad. ‘Umar was known for his indefatigable enthusiasm in trying to serve the Prophet, for his quick temper, unswerving sense of justice and absolute
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integrity. It was under the Khalifate of ‘Umar, which began in the twelfth year after Hijra following the death of the first Khalifa Abu Bakr, that Islam spread throughout the Middle East and Central Asia. He was stabbed in the back while at prayer by a Christian slave, and upon his deathbed thanked God for not letting him die at the hands of a fellow Muslim.
‘UTHMAN IBN AFFAN (d. 35 AH)
The third of the Rightly Guided Khalifas. ‘Uthman was one of the very first people in Makkah to embrace Islam and suffered persecution at the hands of his relatives for it. He first married the Prophet’s daughter Ruqayya, and when the persecution of the Makkans became insufferable he was ordered by the Prophet to migrate to Abyssinia. Upon his return he made the Hijra to Madinah, where Ruqayya died. The Prophet then gave him his second daughter Umm- Kulthum in marriage. ‘Uthman had become very rich as a cloth merchant and used his money constantly in the way of Allah in order to help the Muslims — he bought the only pure well of Madinah from a Jew who wouldn’t let the Muslims use it, purchased a thousand camels for the Muslim army and financed the expansion of the Holy Mosque in Madinah. Upon the death of ‘Umar, ‘Uthman was selected as Khalifa. He served for twelve years until he was assassinated over a political dispute. During his reign the Religion of Islam spread through North Africa and other regions.
QADA WA QADR
All that is decreed and ordained by Allah; pre-destination. Belief in these principles is part of the basic pillars of Faith. The principle of the free choice of individual action exists alongside pre-destination in Islamic theology.
QUR’AN
The Holy Scripture of Islam. The Holy Qur’an was revealed unto the Prophet Muhammad over a period of twenty- three years. It is a revelation from the Lord of the Worlds imparted through the revealing Angel Gabriel to the heart of Muhammad, Peace and Blessings be upon him, and passed on
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by the Prophet, by Divine Command, to the whole of Mankind and Jinn. The Holy Qur’an was sent as the Seal of Scriptures, following in the footsteps of the Torah, Psalms and Gospel in bringing light unto the people of this world of darkness. In it is affirmed the Prophethood of all the earlier Prophets, and major incidents from their lives are summarized therein; the Qur’an brings to light the crimes of tampering with scripture which both the Jews and Christians had been guilty of and sets straight all that they had misunderstood and twisted in their doctrines. The Qur’an sets down a Divinely Inspired Law and Way of Life which is valid and applicable until the end of time — showing mankind in clear terms the way that they may attain felicity both here and hereafter — that is, if they hold to its tenets. The Qur’an contains not only Law and summaries of the lives of earlier Prophets, but also mystical parables, descriptions of eternal bliss for the obedient and warnings of torment for the stubborn and evildoing tyrants of this world. The Qur’an is the eternal speech of Allah (Kalam- Allah ul-Azali) and has been transmitted to mankind in the Arabic language. Because of the mystical power of it’s sounds – the sound of the Qur’an has been known to melt the hearts of the most stubborn unbelievers who understood not a word of Arabic — it cannot really be translated into any other language; a translation of its meaning may be useful indeed, but it cannot stand in the place of the original, neither in prayer nor spiritual benefit.
RAKAT A bow followed by two prostrations in the ritual prayer (Salat)
RASULALLAH
Messenger of Allah; usually referring to the Prophet Muhammad but may be applied to any of Allah’s Messengers. All Messengers were Prophets but not all Prophets were Messengers; the Messengers being the elect of the Prophets and the ones who were sent with a definite verbal or written message and Law to a People. There have been 124,000 Prophets sent to the Earth, and of them 313 were also Messengers. Virtually all of the most famous Prophets, such as Moses, Abraham, Jesus, David and Solomon were also Messengers. (Peace and blessings be upon them all as upon
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our Prophet Muhammad.)
R1DWAN ALLAH UL-AKBAR
Allah’s greatest pleasure — that being His pleasure in a servant who has given Allah’s desires complete preference over his own, and thus comes to Allah totally purified of the pollution of the ego’s desires.
SAHABA
The companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, mav Allah be pleased with them all. They numbered 124,000 and represented all the different types of personalities that would be found throughout the era of the Nation of Muhammad. The Sahaba who embraced Islam in Makkah and later migrated to Madinah where called the Muhajireen (“those who have made Hijra, migration”). The Ansar (Helpers) were those residents of Madinah who embraced Islam and welcomed the Prophet and his fellow Muhajireen to Madinah, preferring them, in many cases, to themselves, and giving them most of what they possessed. Later there were many other Sahaba who embraced Islam as it spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula, including the residents of Makkah who had fought against the Prophet but later embraced Islam en masse when the Muslim Army conquered Makkah in the year six AH.
SAHIB UZ-ZAMAN Master of the Era. See AL-MAHDI.
SAKARAT UL-MAWT The pangs of death, agony.
SAKHRAT UL-AMANA
The rock of trusts; referring to the Black Stone which is embedded in the eastern corner of the Holy House in Makkah (Ka’bah). It is a mystical stone which descended from Heaven
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together with Adam and Eve. Its qualities are unlike the qualities of any other rock on Earth. It records the names of all those Muslims who greet it by kissing it or raising their hands and saying: “In the Name of Allah. Allah is Greatest, To Allah belongs all Praise.”
SAYYIDINA ABU BAKR See ABU BAKR AS-SIDD1Q
SAYYIDINA ‘ALI See ‘ALI IBN ABI TALIB
SAYYIDINA AL-MAHDI See AL-MAHDI
SAYYIDINA MUHAMMAD See MUHAMMAD
SAYYIDINA ‘UMAR See ‘UMAR IBN AL-KHATTAB
SAYYIDINA ‘UTHMAN See ‘UTHMAN IBN AFFAN
SHAH NAQSHBAND (717 – 791 AH)
Born in Qasr-i-Arifan, near Bukhara, where he is buried. The Imam of the Naqshbandiyya Tariqat, he was the inheritor of the spiritual way called the Path of the Masters (Khwajagan). His name signifies the concept of “engraving the indescribable reality on the heart.” Shah Naqshband studied under Muhammad Baba as-Samasi who ultimately appointed him
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his Khalifa. He continued his studies under another Khalifa of Baba Sammasi, Sayyid Amir Kulal, and yet under another, ‘Arif al-Dhakkirani, before taking the reins of the Tariqat himself. He then spent seven years as a courtier, seven years looking after animals and seven in road-building. Among his followers, he introduced the silent dhikr, rather than the types of loud and lively dhikr-rituals that were pre-dominant among the Sufis of his time. He preferred the silent dhikr as it was taught by the earlier master ‘Abdul-Khaliq Al-Ghujdawani (d. 575 AH). Consequently, the Naqshbandiyya became known as the ‘Way of the Silent Dervishes’ and most of their rituals and practices are performed silently and individually. The Naqshbandiyya is the only Tariqat which came down through Abu Bakr rather than ‘Ali and only Naqshbandi Shaykhs have the authority to initiate students into all other Tariqat branches; that is why it is called “Tariqat-ul-Aliyya” (the most distinguished of Tariqat-Orders).
SHARI’AH
The canon law of Islam, the totality of Allah’s commandments relating to the activities of man; the indispensable basis for religious life. Shari’ah and Haqiqa (the mystical reality) form a correlated pair, giving to man the possibility of unfolding his potential to the highest degree.
SHAYKH MUHYUDDIN IBN AL-‘ARABI (560 — 638 AH)
Shaykh Muhyuddin Ibn-‘Arabi was born in Murcia in (South- eastern Spain) and was descended from a distinguished and learned Arab family. From a very early age he showed distinct signs of spiritual authority which was even recognized and respected by those Shaykhs from whom he took instruction in the Sufi Way. From an early age he also had numerous mystical experiences in which the inner teaching was revealed to him and clarified — he often met the immortal Guide Khidr. So great was his spiritual stature that he became known and is known up unto this day as “The Greatest Shaykh” (Shaykh Ul-Akbar), and his metaphysical treatises became so famous that he was even known in the Christian World, where he was called “Doctor Maximus”. Perhaps the greatest reason for his receiving this title is that he was the first man to commit to writing a vast ocean of doctrine and learning which had
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previously been confined to oral transmission from shaykh to murid and spoken of in veiled allusions rather than being spelled out so openly and meticulously. In his works Shaykh Muhyuddin expounds on subjects ranging from metaphysical doctrines to the esoteric significance of ritual ablution (Wudu) and describes mystical states and stations in detail.
Shaykh Muhyuddin (lit. The Reviver of the Religion) travelled extensively throughout his life and was treated by some with the great respect he deserved and by others with contempt and rancour — indeed the religious authorities often contemplated executing him, but he was always saved by Divine favour and by the intercession of influential friends who both explained themselves and encouraged him to explain some of the more startling statements he had made and which seemed to be heretical in the eyes of the Muslim theologians. He was finally killed in Damascus, after having declared, “The god you worship is beneath my feet.” For the people, this was an incomprehensible blasphemy, and they killed him on the spot. Later it was discovered, that under the very place he had been standing, there lay buried two huge cauldrons of gold. (See ‘Mercy Oceans, Book Two’) He is buried in Damascus, at the foot of Mount Qasiyun.
SHEIKH SHARAFUDDIN (1290 — 1358 AH)
The Shaykh of Grandshaykh ‘Abdullah Ad-Daghestani. He was born in Daghistan and later migrated to Turkey with a community of Daghestanis. He is buried in Giiney Koy near Yalovu/Bursa.
SHIRK
Polytheism; ascribing partners unto Allah Almighty. “Shirk” is the greatest sin that one may commit, especially after having gained access to the truth of the Unity of God. The Prophet warned his followers that Shirk exists in many and variegated forms, and that Satan is always trying to fool people into committing this great sin without their even knowing it. He warned that what he feared most for his Nation was not that they would go back to the most blatant and obvious form of Shirk, the form that existed among the
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pagan Arabs and involved the worship of idols, observance of ignorant superstitions which had no basis in any revelation whatsoever, and the belief in a Greek-style Pantheon of Gods; but what he feared was that they would fall into the “Lesser Shirk”, or all those forms of shirk which may be hidden from the obvious regard; for example, the worship of money, the worship of lusts, the worship of reputation etc. The worship of reputation could lead one to actually perform seemingly pious acts, not for Allah’s pleasure nor in the hope of fulfilling His commands, but only in order to maintain one’s reputation among people — praying for the camera, so to speak; this is called in the Qur’an and in the Prophet’s Hadith “Riya An- Nas” or “Being seen by people.” As many steps as one takes in the right direction Satan is there to turn them into shirk — the greatest sin.
SULTAN AL-ARIFIN King of the Gnostics or Knowers. Title given to ABU YAZID AL-BISTAMI (See entry under that name).
SULTAN AL-AWLIYA
King of the Saints. Title given to SHAYKH ABDULLAH AD- DAGH1STANI (See biographical sketch at beginning of book)
SULTAN AZ-ZAHIDEEN
King of the Ascetics. Title given to IBRAHIM BIN ADHAM (See entry under that name).
SUNNAH
The practice and way of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, which encompasses everything from his manners, pronouncements, advice, rulings and even ways relating to eating and going to the toilet, and supplications which accompany those acts.
SHAYKH NAZIM AL-HAQQANI
SURAT AL-FATIHA
The Opening Surah (Chapter) of the Qur’an; it is read in every prayer and on most all occasions. Its meaning is:
“In the Name of Allah, The All-Beneficent, The All-Merciful. Praised be Allah, the Lord of the Worlds. The All-Beneficent, The All-Merciful. The King of the Day of Judgement. Thee alone do we worship and from Thee alone do we ask succour. Guide us to the Straight Path, the Path of those with whom You are pleased, not the Path of those who have deserved Your anger, nor that of those who have gone astray.”
TABLIGH Conveyance, transmission, delivery. Calling people to Islam.
TAFSIR
Exegesis, Explanation of the Holy Qur’an. The many Tafasir of the Holy Qur’an which have been written in the past, aim to clarify the meaning of the text, to help the reader derive more understanding from a given verse. Sometimes it is through grammatical explanations, at other times the events that surrounded the revelation of the verse are mentioned; or Hadiths of the Prophet about the verse or relating to it are cited to shed light upon its meaning, as well as cross- references to other verses on the subject. When relevant, certain passages from the Bible or Torah are quoted. Tafsir deals with mostly obvious and outward meanings obtained in this manner, while ‘Ta’wil’ deals with inner meanings and interpretations.
TAJALLI Spiritual emanations and manifestations.
TAQLEED Imitation, following what one has learned from one’s parents;
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following one of the four Schools of Law
TARIQAT
Sufi Path. All Tariqats originate in the heart of the Prophet Muhammad, Peace be Upon Him, and consist of the inner teachings of Islam which he passed on to ‘Ali and Abu Bakr and they, in turn, to their successors. When the Holy Prophet had learned something from the Angel Gabriel or through inspiration, it was also indicated to him to which category that knowledge belonged: Whether it was knowledge meant for him and for him alone, knowledge which he had permission to pass along to the elect of his disciples (this category is the knowledge of the Tariqats), or knowledge which he could announce openly to all the World.
TASBIH
Glorification of Allah. This word refers not only to those praises made to Allah by pious worshipping people, but also to the exalting and worship of Allah by all animals, plants and inanimate objects.
TAUBAH
Repentance. The Prophet said that the person who repents of a sin is like someone who has never sinned.
TOOBA Greatest happiness and blessedness.
ULU AL-HIMMAH
High Aspiration. The Prophet says: “High aspiration is a sign of faith.”
‘ULAMA
SHAYKH NAZIM AL-HAQQANI
Religious scholars; learned people.
UMMAH
The Nation of any given Prophet, i.e. those for which he is responsible and for whom he will intercede. Now is the time for which the Prophet Muhammad is responsible — there are no more Nations of Moses or Jesus in this time. The Ummah is divided into those who have been called (Ummat ud-Daawah) and those who have answered the call (Ummat ul-Ijaba).
WALAYAT (also WILAYAT)
Sainthood. The state of being a friend of God. The word Wilayat, which means a “district of territory” is from the same root, and this points to the fact that the Awliya (Saints) have always guarded over areas apportioned to them by higher authority (Allah and His Prophet), and are responsible for attending to the spiritual needs of the inhabitants of the areas over which they have been made responsible.
WA’IZH (plural Wu’azha)
Those who are responsible for giving spiritual counsel and exhortations.
WUDU
Ritual Ablution. Before praying every Muslim must perform ablution by making the intention to perform ablution for the sake of Allah, then washing his hands, mouth, nostrils, face, arms, head, ears, back of neck and feet. Although it is not obligatory, it is considered to be very good practice to remain always in a state of ritual purity. Ablution must be repeated after going to the toilet, passing wind, getting angry or sexually excited, and after sleep.
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YAUM UL-QIYAMAH
The Day of Resurrection. The Day upon which the bones of all of the Sons of Adam will be called from their graves, clothed anew with flesh and skin, and called to account for the actions they performed in their lives.
ZAWIYA
Literally a corner, angle. A small mosque or prayer room more specifically applied to a building or group of buildings used as a meeting place of Sufis, a small Tek- kia.
SHAYKH NAZIM AL-HAQQANI
THE GOLDEN CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION OF THE NAQSHBANDI KHWAJAGAN MASTERS 1.The Holy Prophet Muhammad Mustafa, Peace be Upon Him. 2.Abu Bakr as-Siddiq 3.Salman al-Farsi 4.Imam Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as- Siddiq 5.Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq 6.Abu Yazid al-Bustami 7.Abul Hasan al-Kharqani 8.Abu ‘Ali al-Farmadi 9.Yusuf al-Hamadani 10.Abul-‘Abbas (Khidr, Peace be Upon Him) 11.‘Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujduwani 12.‘Arif Righwari 13.Mahmud al-Faghnawi 14.‘Ali Ramitani 15.Muhammad Baba as-Samasi 16.Sayyid Amir Kulal 17.Khwaja Shah Muhammad Bahauddin Naqshband al-Uwaysi al-Bukhari 18.‘Alauddin Muhammad al-Attar 19.Ya’qub al-Charkhy 20.Ubaydullah al-Ahrar as-Samarqandi 21.Muhammad az-Zahid
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22.Darwish Muhammad al-Bukhari 23.Khwaja al-Emkeneki as-Samarqandi 24.Muhammad al-Baqibillah as-Samarqandi 25.Mujaddid al-Alf ath-Thani Imam Rabbani Ahmad Faruq as-Sirhindi 26.Urwat ul-Wuthqa Muhammad Ma’sum ar-Rabbani 27.Haji Sayfuddin ar-Rabbani 28.Nur Muhammad al-Badwani 29.Habibullah Mirza Jan-i-Janan al-Mazhar 30.Ghulam ‘Ali ‘Abdullah ad-Dehlawi 31.Muhammad Khalid al-Baghdadi ash-Shami 32.Shaykh Ismail an-Narani 33.Khas Muhammad Shirwani 34.Shaykh Muhammad Yaraghi 35.Sayyid Jamaluddin al-Ghumuqi al-Husayni 36.Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri 37.Abu Muhammad al-Madani 38.Sayyid Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani 39.Sultan al-Awliya ‘Abdullah ad-Daghestani 40.Sultan al-Awliya Shaykh Muhammad Nazim ‘Adil al-Qubrusi al-Haqqani 41.Sultan al-Awliya Mawlana Shaykh Muhammad ‘Adil ar-Rabbani
NOTES
NOTES
Link: https://www.nvrislam.net/index.php?j=eng&post=5812
is no god save the One True God, Allah Almighty, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; 2) To pray the ritual prayer (Salat) facing Makkah five times a day; 3) To fast the whole month of Ramadan, abstaining from all food, drink and carnal pleasures from the first crack of dawn until sunset; 4) To give one-fortieth of one’s wealth and prescribed portions of herds and harvests annually to the Muslim poor; 5) To make the pilgrimage to Makkah in the time of Haj at least once in a lifetime, provided one possesses the necessary material means.
JAHILIYYA
The time of ignorance; referring to the pre-Islamic era during which the Arabs lived in the darkness of. ignorance, worshipping idols and following their lusts and superstitions as there was a relative lack of knowledge of revealed religions such as the religion of the Jews or Christians. Although the followers of these religions were to be found in the Arabian Peninsula, they were concentrated in a few towns and were but small communities in comparison to the much larger numbers of idol worshipping folk.
JIBRIL
The Angel Gabriel; the Angel who is responsible for bringing down revelations to Allah’s Prophets and Messengers.
JIHAD
Holy war. It is the duty of all male able-bodied Muslims to answer the call of the Khalifa of the Muslims to go to war against anyone threatening the peace of the Muslims, preventing Muslims from practicing their religion or harming any people (of any religion) under the protection of the Muslim State. It is not permitted in Islam to fight against people who
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want to make peace with the Muslims, nor to be the aggressor in any case.
JIHAD UL-AKBAR
The Greater Holy War which is fought against one’s own lower self and is referred to by the Holy Prophet as the Greater Holy War because of its being of utmost importance for every Muslim. Without the believer gaining the upper hand over his lower self, he cannot hope to perfect his religion nor to be of any use to the community of believers; instead, he will deter people from the true way by his unconquered selfishness and tarnish the name of religion through the wrong actions he performs in the very name of faith — the implication is that Muslims should not even consider fighting against any other enemies of Islam until they conquer their greatest enemy, the greatest unbeliever — the ego.
JINN
Genie. The Qur’an is addressed to both mankind and jinn. The Jinn are made of smokeless fire, man from Earth and the Angels from light. As in the case of mankind, there are both believers and unbelievers found among the Jinn. Their bodies being subtler than man’s, they cannot be seen normally, however, they have been known to affect the lives of men in various ways.
KAABA
The Holy House of Allah in Makkah. Built in the shape of a cube, the Ka’bah was first erected by the Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael when Abraham was ordered to leave his wife Hajar and her son in that desolate valley. Allah provided them miraculously with water from the Zam-zam well and established them in the land. The Lord promised to bless the seed of Ishmael, and the fruit of that blessing was the sending of the Prophet Muhammad, who was from the seed of Ishmael. After the Ka’bah’s original consecration to the One True God by Abraham and his son, the people fell into idol worship for many generations until the time of Muhammad, when the Ka’bah was cleaned of idols and the worship of the
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One True God was re-established.
All Muslims face the direction of the Ka’bah in their prayers — not because they assume God to be living in it, as it has been supposed by malevolent or ignorant critics — rather that it be the central focal point towards which all Muslims, worldwide, turn their faces, in converging unity. When visiting the Ka’bah, Muslims perform the rite of circumambulation, in emulation of the Angels circumambulation of the Throne of Allah in the Heavens.
KAFIR (plural. KUFFAAR)
Whosever has come into contact with the true religion represented in its pure form by a Prophet or one by of their inheritors, and then consciously rejects that truth and persists in stubborn unbelief is said to be a Kafir.
KHALID AL-BAGHDADI (1190 — 1242 AH)
Born in Baghdad of a Kurdish family originally descended from the Khalifa ‘Uthman. He was a learned man in Islam who longed to find a true Murshid and left Baghdad for Damascus where he met his first Shaykh, Shaykh Mustafa of the Qadiri Tariqat. He continued on to Madinah and Makkah. From there he was directed by the Awliya to go on to India where he would find his true Master. After he returned to Baghdad, he met some murids of the Naqshbandi Shaykh ‘Abdullah Ad- Dehlawi, and was inspired to travel there to meet him. After staying some months with his Shaykh there, he was sent back to Baghdad to teach the way of the Tariqat. He later moved to Damascus where he trained many followers before he died of the plague. His tomb is located in the Jabal Akrad section of Jabal Qasiyun in Damascus. His famous work was Shams- Ush-Shumus (The Sun of Suns).
KHALWA
Spiritual seclusion – the “forty days in the hole’’. The intensive, often 40-day long period of training in the Sufi Tariqat during which the lower self is deprived of even the
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permitted enjoyments of normal Muslim life. During this time he must fight his ego with great courage and determination, as because of the removal of normal pleasures it raises its head in rebellion and gives the seeker intense difficulties. The Shaykh watches closely over the murid during this time and defines the exact activities which he must perform, for although all Khalwa involves fasting, absolute seclusion, increased prayer, remembrance and reduced sleep, there are differences dictated by the particular needs of the murid which are attended to by specific orders of the Shaykh. The first Khalwa is a training Khalwa, and only when the Shaykh sees that the murid is really ready to subdue his ego will he put him into a second and final Khalwa.
KHAWWAS (sing. KHASS)
The elect; the people who have the inborn capacity (Ahliyya) for the Most distinguished Naqshbandi Tariqat.
KHIDMAH
Service. The service which a humble murid should perform for his Shaykh, for all the followers of his Shaykh, for all Sons of Adam and all creatures of Allah.
KUFR Unbelief; rejection of truth. SEE “KAFIR”
LAYLATUL MI’RAJ
The night during which the Holy Prophet Muhammad, Peace be Upon Him, was taken by the Messenger Angel Gabriel on the back of the mystical steed Burraq, from The Holy Mosque of Makkah to the Holy Rock of Jerusalem and up from there to the Seven Heavens, in each of which he met and conversed with one of the Holy Prophets of Allah who came before him to this Earth (Adam, Noah, David, Moses, Abraham and Jesus). After reaching the top of the Seven Heavens he was taken to the utmost limit of Gabriel’s domain, then continued to the Divine Presence where he came within two bow-lengths of the
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Majestic and Most Exalted Creator of the Heavens and Earth.
MA’ANAWI ‘ULUM Spiritual Knowledges, Esoteric Science.
MAHDI See AL-MAHDI
MALAKOOT The Kingdom of Heaven; the Angelic Realms.
MANSUR AL-HALLAJ (244 — 309 AH)
Hallaj was born in Persia and then travelled widely throughout the Muslim World, boldly preaching of Union with God. He was finally arrested on the charge of heresy when he declared: “I am The Absolute Truth,” (Ana-l-Haqq). He was condemned to death, mutilated and crucified in public. Before he was executed fellow Sufis implored him to declare that, “He is the Truth.” His reply was: “Yes. He is All. You say that He is lost. On the contrary, it is Hallaj who is lost. The Ocean does not vanish nor grow less.” The famous Sufi Junayd was told of these words of Hallaj with the suggestion that the words had an esoteric meaning which proved that his meaning was other than the blasphemy which it seemed. Junayd replied, “Let him be killed, this is not the time for esoteric meanings.” His fellow Sufis never denied the reality of his mystical experience of Union, but only criticized him for revealing in public what amounted to a “private communion with the Beloved”. Junayd also maintained that Hallaj’s experience of Unity was only an intermediate stage of mystical experience, and not the ultimate goal.
MEVLANA KHALID See KHALID AL-BAGHDADI
MI’RAJ
SHAYKH NAZIM AL-HAQQANI
See LAYLATUL MIRAJ
MUFTI Official expounder of Islamic Law, a high level religious jurist licensed to pass religious edicts and verdicts.
MUHAMMAD
Muhammad, Son of ‘Abdullah, son of ‘Abdul Muttalib — The Messenger of Allah Almighty who was sent as a mercy unto the Worlds; the last of the Prophets and their leader — he for who’s sake Allah Almighty created the World, may Peace and the Blessings of Allah be upon him. He was born in the fifty-first year before Hijra (560 A.D.) and his father died before Muhammad was ever born. He grew up under the care of his uncle Abu Talib and worked as a shepherd and later as a trader. At the age of twenty-five he married a widow named Khadija who was fifteen years his older and remained married solely to her until her death twenty-six years later.
Muhammad never worshipped the idols that the ignorant Arabs had set up in and around the Holy House in Makkah which had been built and dedicated to the worship of the One True God by the Prophet Abraham and his son Ishmael. Rather, Muhammad was one of the detached seekers of truth who were known as ‘Hunafa’, who were searching for the purity of the religion of Abraham, rejecting what they could recognize as obvious perversions in not only the cults of the pagan Arabs who were predominant in Arabia, but also in the much tampered with doctrines of the Jews and Christians. At the age of forty, Muhammad was in spiritual seclusion in the Cave of Hira when he was visited by the Angel Gabriel who ordered him to read. Muhammad replied that he did not know how to read or write, as he was unlettered; but the Angel squeezed his chest and repeated the order thrice: “Read, in the name of your Lord Who created; Created man from a clot of blood, Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous, for He is the One who taught man by the pen, taught man that which he did not know.” With these words the revelation of
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the Qur’an commenced, and for the following twenty-three years the Prophet continued to receive revelation through the Angel; the total of these revelations is contained in the Holy Qur’an which contains enough guidance, wisdom and instruction to lead the Muhammadan nation from that time on till the Last Day.
Thirteen years after the beginning of revelation, the Holy Prophet migrated from Makkah to Madinah along with his followers, when the pagan Arabs of Makkah threatened and tried to kill him. This event is called the Hijra, and it marks the beginning of the Islamic Calendar. After living for ten years in Madinah, a time in which all the Qur’anic verses dictating Islamic Law and social norms were revealed, and Islam had been established in an entire community as a living way of life, the Prophet passed on to the hands of his Creator. He passed away on the same date as he was born — the twelfth of the lunar month Rabi’ al-Awwal in the year 10 AH.
MUHASABA
Allah’s calling one to account for one’s actions on the Last Day; or the practice of calling one’s self to account in this life before the next.
MUHYUDDIN See SHEIKH MUHYUDDIN IBN ABABI
MURID
A follower who desires to learn the Sufi Way from a Shaykh (Murshid); One who submits himself to the care and the orders of a Sufi Shaykh.
MURSHID Guide, advisor, instructor. One who leads another to the right way. (Rushd). A Sufi Shaykh.
MUSLIM
SHAYKH NAZIM AL-HAQQANI
A person who has surrendered to Allah. See ISLAM.
NAFS
Self, ego. Three levels of Nafs are mentioned in the Holy Qur’an: 1) The Nafs-ul-Ammarah bis-Suu: the lower self that prompts one to evil and gratification of animal lust; 2) The Nafs-ul-Lawwamah: the awakening conscience, the self- accusing self; 3) The Nafs-ul-Mutma’inna: the tranquil self at peace, the God-realized self.
NAQSHBANDIYYA See SHAH NAQSHBAND
NASIHAT
Sincere advice. The Holy Prophet said: “Religion consists of sincere advice.”
NASRUDDIN HODJA
A legendary figure in Sufi history about whom there exist volumes upon volumes of comical teaching stories with a message. He is known as Mulla Nasruddin in the Persian speaking world and as Joha among the Arabs. He is supposedly buried in Aksehir, Turkey.
‘UMAR IBN-UL-KHATTAB (d. 23 AH)
The second of the Rightly Guided Khalifas of the Holy Prophet Muhammad. ‘Umar at first was an inveterate enemy of Islam and was on his way to kill the Prophet, but when he entered the Prophet’s chamber, belief in Islam and the Prophet’s mission came into his heart and he left a Muslim and a dedicated follower of Muhammad. ‘Umar was known for his indefatigable enthusiasm in trying to serve the Prophet, for his quick temper, unswerving sense of justice and absolute
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integrity. It was under the Khalifate of ‘Umar, which began in the twelfth year after Hijra following the death of the first Khalifa Abu Bakr, that Islam spread throughout the Middle East and Central Asia. He was stabbed in the back while at prayer by a Christian slave, and upon his deathbed thanked God for not letting him die at the hands of a fellow Muslim.
‘UTHMAN IBN AFFAN (d. 35 AH)
The third of the Rightly Guided Khalifas. ‘Uthman was one of the very first people in Makkah to embrace Islam and suffered persecution at the hands of his relatives for it. He first married the Prophet’s daughter Ruqayya, and when the persecution of the Makkans became insufferable he was ordered by the Prophet to migrate to Abyssinia. Upon his return he made the Hijra to Madinah, where Ruqayya died. The Prophet then gave him his second daughter Umm- Kulthum in marriage. ‘Uthman had become very rich as a cloth merchant and used his money constantly in the way of Allah in order to help the Muslims — he bought the only pure well of Madinah from a Jew who wouldn’t let the Muslims use it, purchased a thousand camels for the Muslim army and financed the expansion of the Holy Mosque in Madinah. Upon the death of ‘Umar, ‘Uthman was selected as Khalifa. He served for twelve years until he was assassinated over a political dispute. During his reign the Religion of Islam spread through North Africa and other regions.
QADA WA QADR
All that is decreed and ordained by Allah; pre-destination. Belief in these principles is part of the basic pillars of Faith. The principle of the free choice of individual action exists alongside pre-destination in Islamic theology.
QUR’AN
The Holy Scripture of Islam. The Holy Qur’an was revealed unto the Prophet Muhammad over a period of twenty- three years. It is a revelation from the Lord of the Worlds imparted through the revealing Angel Gabriel to the heart of Muhammad, Peace and Blessings be upon him, and passed on
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by the Prophet, by Divine Command, to the whole of Mankind and Jinn. The Holy Qur’an was sent as the Seal of Scriptures, following in the footsteps of the Torah, Psalms and Gospel in bringing light unto the people of this world of darkness. In it is affirmed the Prophethood of all the earlier Prophets, and major incidents from their lives are summarized therein; the Qur’an brings to light the crimes of tampering with scripture which both the Jews and Christians had been guilty of and sets straight all that they had misunderstood and twisted in their doctrines. The Qur’an sets down a Divinely Inspired Law and Way of Life which is valid and applicable until the end of time — showing mankind in clear terms the way that they may attain felicity both here and hereafter — that is, if they hold to its tenets. The Qur’an contains not only Law and summaries of the lives of earlier Prophets, but also mystical parables, descriptions of eternal bliss for the obedient and warnings of torment for the stubborn and evildoing tyrants of this world. The Qur’an is the eternal speech of Allah (Kalam- Allah ul-Azali) and has been transmitted to mankind in the Arabic language. Because of the mystical power of it’s sounds – the sound of the Qur’an has been known to melt the hearts of the most stubborn unbelievers who understood not a word of Arabic — it cannot really be translated into any other language; a translation of its meaning may be useful indeed, but it cannot stand in the place of the original, neither in prayer nor spiritual benefit.
RAKAT A bow followed by two prostrations in the ritual prayer (Salat)
RASULALLAH
Messenger of Allah; usually referring to the Prophet Muhammad but may be applied to any of Allah’s Messengers. All Messengers were Prophets but not all Prophets were Messengers; the Messengers being the elect of the Prophets and the ones who were sent with a definite verbal or written message and Law to a People. There have been 124,000 Prophets sent to the Earth, and of them 313 were also Messengers. Virtually all of the most famous Prophets, such as Moses, Abraham, Jesus, David and Solomon were also Messengers. (Peace and blessings be upon them all as upon
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our Prophet Muhammad.)
R1DWAN ALLAH UL-AKBAR
Allah’s greatest pleasure — that being His pleasure in a servant who has given Allah’s desires complete preference over his own, and thus comes to Allah totally purified of the pollution of the ego’s desires.
SAHABA
The companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, mav Allah be pleased with them all. They numbered 124,000 and represented all the different types of personalities that would be found throughout the era of the Nation of Muhammad. The Sahaba who embraced Islam in Makkah and later migrated to Madinah where called the Muhajireen (“those who have made Hijra, migration”). The Ansar (Helpers) were those residents of Madinah who embraced Islam and welcomed the Prophet and his fellow Muhajireen to Madinah, preferring them, in many cases, to themselves, and giving them most of what they possessed. Later there were many other Sahaba who embraced Islam as it spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula, including the residents of Makkah who had fought against the Prophet but later embraced Islam en masse when the Muslim Army conquered Makkah in the year six AH.
SAHIB UZ-ZAMAN Master of the Era. See AL-MAHDI.
SAKARAT UL-MAWT The pangs of death, agony.
SAKHRAT UL-AMANA
The rock of trusts; referring to the Black Stone which is embedded in the eastern corner of the Holy House in Makkah (Ka’bah). It is a mystical stone which descended from Heaven
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together with Adam and Eve. Its qualities are unlike the qualities of any other rock on Earth. It records the names of all those Muslims who greet it by kissing it or raising their hands and saying: “In the Name of Allah. Allah is Greatest, To Allah belongs all Praise.”
SAYYIDINA ABU BAKR See ABU BAKR AS-SIDD1Q
SAYYIDINA ‘ALI See ‘ALI IBN ABI TALIB
SAYYIDINA AL-MAHDI See AL-MAHDI
SAYYIDINA MUHAMMAD See MUHAMMAD
SAYYIDINA ‘UMAR See ‘UMAR IBN AL-KHATTAB
SAYYIDINA ‘UTHMAN See ‘UTHMAN IBN AFFAN
SHAH NAQSHBAND (717 – 791 AH)
Born in Qasr-i-Arifan, near Bukhara, where he is buried. The Imam of the Naqshbandiyya Tariqat, he was the inheritor of the spiritual way called the Path of the Masters (Khwajagan). His name signifies the concept of “engraving the indescribable reality on the heart.” Shah Naqshband studied under Muhammad Baba as-Samasi who ultimately appointed him
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his Khalifa. He continued his studies under another Khalifa of Baba Sammasi, Sayyid Amir Kulal, and yet under another, ‘Arif al-Dhakkirani, before taking the reins of the Tariqat himself. He then spent seven years as a courtier, seven years looking after animals and seven in road-building. Among his followers, he introduced the silent dhikr, rather than the types of loud and lively dhikr-rituals that were pre-dominant among the Sufis of his time. He preferred the silent dhikr as it was taught by the earlier master ‘Abdul-Khaliq Al-Ghujdawani (d. 575 AH). Consequently, the Naqshbandiyya became known as the ‘Way of the Silent Dervishes’ and most of their rituals and practices are performed silently and individually. The Naqshbandiyya is the only Tariqat which came down through Abu Bakr rather than ‘Ali and only Naqshbandi Shaykhs have the authority to initiate students into all other Tariqat branches; that is why it is called “Tariqat-ul-Aliyya” (the most distinguished of Tariqat-Orders).
SHARI’AH
The canon law of Islam, the totality of Allah’s commandments relating to the activities of man; the indispensable basis for religious life. Shari’ah and Haqiqa (the mystical reality) form a correlated pair, giving to man the possibility of unfolding his potential to the highest degree.
SHAYKH MUHYUDDIN IBN AL-‘ARABI (560 — 638 AH)
Shaykh Muhyuddin Ibn-‘Arabi was born in Murcia in (South- eastern Spain) and was descended from a distinguished and learned Arab family. From a very early age he showed distinct signs of spiritual authority which was even recognized and respected by those Shaykhs from whom he took instruction in the Sufi Way. From an early age he also had numerous mystical experiences in which the inner teaching was revealed to him and clarified — he often met the immortal Guide Khidr. So great was his spiritual stature that he became known and is known up unto this day as “The Greatest Shaykh” (Shaykh Ul-Akbar), and his metaphysical treatises became so famous that he was even known in the Christian World, where he was called “Doctor Maximus”. Perhaps the greatest reason for his receiving this title is that he was the first man to commit to writing a vast ocean of doctrine and learning which had
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previously been confined to oral transmission from shaykh to murid and spoken of in veiled allusions rather than being spelled out so openly and meticulously. In his works Shaykh Muhyuddin expounds on subjects ranging from metaphysical doctrines to the esoteric significance of ritual ablution (Wudu) and describes mystical states and stations in detail.
Shaykh Muhyuddin (lit. The Reviver of the Religion) travelled extensively throughout his life and was treated by some with the great respect he deserved and by others with contempt and rancour — indeed the religious authorities often contemplated executing him, but he was always saved by Divine favour and by the intercession of influential friends who both explained themselves and encouraged him to explain some of the more startling statements he had made and which seemed to be heretical in the eyes of the Muslim theologians. He was finally killed in Damascus, after having declared, “The god you worship is beneath my feet.” For the people, this was an incomprehensible blasphemy, and they killed him on the spot. Later it was discovered, that under the very place he had been standing, there lay buried two huge cauldrons of gold. (See ‘Mercy Oceans, Book Two’) He is buried in Damascus, at the foot of Mount Qasiyun.
SHEIKH SHARAFUDDIN (1290 — 1358 AH)
The Shaykh of Grandshaykh ‘Abdullah Ad-Daghestani. He was born in Daghistan and later migrated to Turkey with a community of Daghestanis. He is buried in Giiney Koy near Yalovu/Bursa.
SHIRK
Polytheism; ascribing partners unto Allah Almighty. “Shirk” is the greatest sin that one may commit, especially after having gained access to the truth of the Unity of God. The Prophet warned his followers that Shirk exists in many and variegated forms, and that Satan is always trying to fool people into committing this great sin without their even knowing it. He warned that what he feared most for his Nation was not that they would go back to the most blatant and obvious form of Shirk, the form that existed among the
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pagan Arabs and involved the worship of idols, observance of ignorant superstitions which had no basis in any revelation whatsoever, and the belief in a Greek-style Pantheon of Gods; but what he feared was that they would fall into the “Lesser Shirk”, or all those forms of shirk which may be hidden from the obvious regard; for example, the worship of money, the worship of lusts, the worship of reputation etc. The worship of reputation could lead one to actually perform seemingly pious acts, not for Allah’s pleasure nor in the hope of fulfilling His commands, but only in order to maintain one’s reputation among people — praying for the camera, so to speak; this is called in the Qur’an and in the Prophet’s Hadith “Riya An- Nas” or “Being seen by people.” As many steps as one takes in the right direction Satan is there to turn them into shirk — the greatest sin.
SULTAN AL-ARIFIN King of the Gnostics or Knowers. Title given to ABU YAZID AL-BISTAMI (See entry under that name).
SULTAN AL-AWLIYA
King of the Saints. Title given to SHAYKH ABDULLAH AD- DAGH1STANI (See biographical sketch at beginning of book)
SULTAN AZ-ZAHIDEEN
King of the Ascetics. Title given to IBRAHIM BIN ADHAM (See entry under that name).
SUNNAH
The practice and way of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, which encompasses everything from his manners, pronouncements, advice, rulings and even ways relating to eating and going to the toilet, and supplications which accompany those acts.
SHAYKH NAZIM AL-HAQQANI
SURAT AL-FATIHA
The Opening Surah (Chapter) of the Qur’an; it is read in every prayer and on most all occasions. Its meaning is:
“In the Name of Allah, The All-Beneficent, The All-Merciful. Praised be Allah, the Lord of the Worlds. The All-Beneficent, The All-Merciful. The King of the Day of Judgement. Thee alone do we worship and from Thee alone do we ask succour. Guide us to the Straight Path, the Path of those with whom You are pleased, not the Path of those who have deserved Your anger, nor that of those who have gone astray.”
TABLIGH Conveyance, transmission, delivery. Calling people to Islam.
TAFSIR
Exegesis, Explanation of the Holy Qur’an. The many Tafasir of the Holy Qur’an which have been written in the past, aim to clarify the meaning of the text, to help the reader derive more understanding from a given verse. Sometimes it is through grammatical explanations, at other times the events that surrounded the revelation of the verse are mentioned; or Hadiths of the Prophet about the verse or relating to it are cited to shed light upon its meaning, as well as cross- references to other verses on the subject. When relevant, certain passages from the Bible or Torah are quoted. Tafsir deals with mostly obvious and outward meanings obtained in this manner, while ‘Ta’wil’ deals with inner meanings and interpretations.
TAJALLI Spiritual emanations and manifestations.
TAQLEED Imitation, following what one has learned from one’s parents;
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following one of the four Schools of Law
TARIQAT
Sufi Path. All Tariqats originate in the heart of the Prophet Muhammad, Peace be Upon Him, and consist of the inner teachings of Islam which he passed on to ‘Ali and Abu Bakr and they, in turn, to their successors. When the Holy Prophet had learned something from the Angel Gabriel or through inspiration, it was also indicated to him to which category that knowledge belonged: Whether it was knowledge meant for him and for him alone, knowledge which he had permission to pass along to the elect of his disciples (this category is the knowledge of the Tariqats), or knowledge which he could announce openly to all the World.
TASBIH
Glorification of Allah. This word refers not only to those praises made to Allah by pious worshipping people, but also to the exalting and worship of Allah by all animals, plants and inanimate objects.
TAUBAH
Repentance. The Prophet said that the person who repents of a sin is like someone who has never sinned.
TOOBA Greatest happiness and blessedness.
ULU AL-HIMMAH
High Aspiration. The Prophet says: “High aspiration is a sign of faith.”
‘ULAMA
SHAYKH NAZIM AL-HAQQANI
Religious scholars; learned people.
UMMAH
The Nation of any given Prophet, i.e. those for which he is responsible and for whom he will intercede. Now is the time for which the Prophet Muhammad is responsible — there are no more Nations of Moses or Jesus in this time. The Ummah is divided into those who have been called (Ummat ud-Daawah) and those who have answered the call (Ummat ul-Ijaba).
WALAYAT (also WILAYAT)
Sainthood. The state of being a friend of God. The word Wilayat, which means a “district of territory” is from the same root, and this points to the fact that the Awliya (Saints) have always guarded over areas apportioned to them by higher authority (Allah and His Prophet), and are responsible for attending to the spiritual needs of the inhabitants of the areas over which they have been made responsible.
WA’IZH (plural Wu’azha)
Those who are responsible for giving spiritual counsel and exhortations.
WUDU
Ritual Ablution. Before praying every Muslim must perform ablution by making the intention to perform ablution for the sake of Allah, then washing his hands, mouth, nostrils, face, arms, head, ears, back of neck and feet. Although it is not obligatory, it is considered to be very good practice to remain always in a state of ritual purity. Ablution must be repeated after going to the toilet, passing wind, getting angry or sexually excited, and after sleep.
MERCY OCEANS HIDDEN TREASURES
YAUM UL-QIYAMAH
The Day of Resurrection. The Day upon which the bones of all of the Sons of Adam will be called from their graves, clothed anew with flesh and skin, and called to account for the actions they performed in their lives.
ZAWIYA
Literally a corner, angle. A small mosque or prayer room more specifically applied to a building or group of buildings used as a meeting place of Sufis, a small Tek- kia.
SHAYKH NAZIM AL-HAQQANI
THE GOLDEN CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION OF THE NAQSHBANDI KHWAJAGAN MASTERS 1.The Holy Prophet Muhammad Mustafa, Peace be Upon Him. 2.Abu Bakr as-Siddiq 3.Salman al-Farsi 4.Imam Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as- Siddiq 5.Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq 6.Abu Yazid al-Bustami 7.Abul Hasan al-Kharqani 8.Abu ‘Ali al-Farmadi 9.Yusuf al-Hamadani 10.Abul-‘Abbas (Khidr, Peace be Upon Him) 11.‘Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujduwani 12.‘Arif Righwari 13.Mahmud al-Faghnawi 14.‘Ali Ramitani 15.Muhammad Baba as-Samasi 16.Sayyid Amir Kulal 17.Khwaja Shah Muhammad Bahauddin Naqshband al-Uwaysi al-Bukhari 18.‘Alauddin Muhammad al-Attar 19.Ya’qub al-Charkhy 20.Ubaydullah al-Ahrar as-Samarqandi 21.Muhammad az-Zahid
MERCY OCEANS HIDDEN TREASURES
22.Darwish Muhammad al-Bukhari 23.Khwaja al-Emkeneki as-Samarqandi 24.Muhammad al-Baqibillah as-Samarqandi 25.Mujaddid al-Alf ath-Thani Imam Rabbani Ahmad Faruq as-Sirhindi 26.Urwat ul-Wuthqa Muhammad Ma’sum ar-Rabbani 27.Haji Sayfuddin ar-Rabbani 28.Nur Muhammad al-Badwani 29.Habibullah Mirza Jan-i-Janan al-Mazhar 30.Ghulam ‘Ali ‘Abdullah ad-Dehlawi 31.Muhammad Khalid al-Baghdadi ash-Shami 32.Shaykh Ismail an-Narani 33.Khas Muhammad Shirwani 34.Shaykh Muhammad Yaraghi 35.Sayyid Jamaluddin al-Ghumuqi al-Husayni 36.Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri 37.Abu Muhammad al-Madani 38.Sayyid Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani 39.Sultan al-Awliya ‘Abdullah ad-Daghestani 40.Sultan al-Awliya Shaykh Muhammad Nazim ‘Adil al-Qubrusi al-Haqqani 41.Sultan al-Awliya Mawlana Shaykh Muhammad ‘Adil ar-Rabbani
NOTES
NOTES
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